verum. press.

A civic accountability publication · United States · Entry VI

ICE at 23.

2003 – April 2026. A $28.7-billion-per-year agency that has tripled its budget and doubled its headcount in one year — while arresting fewer violent offenders, killing detainees at the highest rate in 22 years, and publishing less data every month. The more it grows, the less you get to see.

01 / 15

Twenty-three years. One agency.

These are the two numbers it does not want you to see together: twenty-three years of custody deaths, and the share of one year's arrests that was for violent offenses.

272

deaths in ICE custody since FY2004 — JAMA (Basu et al., Apr 2026)

14%

of 392,619 arrests since Jan 2025 had charges or convictions for violent offenses — CBS News internal-DHS analysis

02 / 15

An eighty-five-billion-dollar agency.

ICE now outspends the FBI, Coast Guard, and Bureau of Prisons combined. The more it grows, the less you get to see.

2003Bush (founding)
$3.3B
2016Obama FY16
$6.2B
2020Trump 1.0 FY20
$8.4B
2024Biden FY24
$9.5B
2026Trump 2.0 FY26
$28.7B
FBI + Coast Guard + BOP (FY2024, combined)
$26.3B
— less than ICE's FY2026 annual appropriation of $28.7B.

With OBBBA's four-year reconciliation pot (~$85.0B), ICE's effective envelope now exceeds the FBI, Coast Guard, and Bureau of Prisons combined. Real-dollar spending rose 184.9% from 2003 to 2024 — more than double the 83.3% growth in total federal spending over the same period.

03 / 15

Obama's 92%. Trump 2.0's 73%-with-no-conviction.

Ten years. Same agency. A forty-point swing on who gets arrested.

92%
OBAMA FY16 — INTERIOR REMOVALS
carried a criminal conviction (MPI, The Obama Record on Deportations).
73%
TRUMP 2.0 FY26 — ICE DETAINEES
had NO criminal conviction (Cato Institute leaked booking analysis, Dec 2025).

CBS News's internal-DHS analysis of 392,619 arrests since January 2025 found only 14% had charges or convictions for violent offenses.

04 / 15

73,400 in custody. 74% with no conviction.

TRAC: 52,504 of 70,766 in ICE custody on Jan 25 2026 had no criminal conviction. The administration's stated target is 100,000 ADP; funding supports 135,000 beds through FY2029.

Obama era
30,000
Trump 1.0 peak
54,000
COVID low
14,195
Jan 16 2026
73,400
stated target
100,000
of current custody — no criminal conviction (TRAC, Jan 25 2026)
74.2%
05 / 15

The priority memos, erased twice.

Each reset re-enabled arrests of people with no criminal record. Two administrations issued tiered priorities — steel marks below. Two executive orders rescinded them — crimson marks below.

06 / 15

A quota the DOJ denied — while an agent testified to 8 a day.

Three claims. One agency. Three irreconcilable receipts.

publicly stated goal

3,000 per day

Deputy Chief of Staff Stephen Miller
Axios 5/28/25; Fox News 5/28/25
sworn denial in court

"no quota exists"

Department of Justice
M-J-M-A v. Wamsley, Judge Immergut, Dec 2025
on-record testimony

8 arrests per day

ICE agent, Operation Black Rose Portland
M-J-M-A v. Wamsley, sworn testimony, Dec 2025

In the same courtroom, DOJ denied the quota existed while an agent described the verbal instruction he was operating under.

07 / 15

361 arrested. 4 had records.

Glass House Farms, Camarillo and Carpinteria, California, July 10 2025. One greenhouse. One fatality. One U.S. Army veteran. One professor. Four prior records.

361 people arrested · 4 had a prior record
1.1% had prior criminal records
08 / 15

88.9 per 100,000.

The deadliest rate in 22 years. FY2026 surpassed the FY2020 COVID-19 peak of 75.6. FY2022 had recorded just 13 — the lowest in the series. December 2025 was the deadliest month in ICE history.

Peer-reviewed JAMA research — Basu et al., April 17 2026 — 22-year mortality series in per-100,000 person-years.

09 / 15

First homicide ruling in ICE custody since 2007.

A tent camp at Fort Bliss. A county medical examiner. A death ruled a homicide January 3 2026 — 19 years after the last such ruling.

years between rulings
19
2007 — last homicide ruling in ICE custody. Until now.
10 / 15

Thirty-four shootings in thirteen months.

The 2015–2021 baseline was 0.70 per month. Since January 2025: 2.6. A WSJ investigation separately documented 13 instances of agents firing at or into civilian vehicles between July 2025 and January 2026.

2015 – 2021 baseline59

84 months (Trace / Business Insider / Type FOIA)59 shootings · 23 fatal · 0 criminal indictments

Jan 2025 – early 202634

13 months (WSJ / NYT / AP / Reuters running tally)34 shootings · 9 fatal · 0 criminal convictions

0 criminal convictions of ICE agents for on-duty killings — across both periods.

Shortly after the January 2026 Renee Good killing, Directive 19009.3 (firearms / use of force) was redacted on ice.gov under FOIA exemption (b)(7)(E).

11 / 15

DHS said he dragged the agent. The bodycam said 'nothing major.'

Silverio Villegas-González, 38. Line cook. No criminal record. Four minor traffic citations between 2010 and 2019. Shot in the back of the neck through his car window in Franklin Park, Illinois on September 12 2025.

DHS press release · Sept 19 2025
“He drove his car at law enforcement officers and the agent was dragged a significant distance.”
DHS described the incident as an intentional assault requiring defensive force.
Franklin Park Police bodycam · released via FOIA
“Nothing major.”
“Dragged a little bit.”
The ICE agent to a local officer — with a left-knee injury and hand lacerations. Cook County Medical Examiner ruled the death a homicide by multiple gunshot wounds. FBI has jurisdiction; as of April 2026 no criminal charges have been filed.
12 / 15

The Supreme Court said 9-0. Ten minutes was all it took.

Kilmar Abrego Garcia's flight to CECOT took off ten minutes after Chief Judge Boasberg's written turnaround order. SCOTUS later unanimously affirmed the duty to 'facilitate' his return.

Boasberg written turnaround order to Harlingen takeoff — March 15 2025
What the courts said
SCOTUS · unanimous
Noem v. Abrego Garcia
Unanimously affirmed the duty to "facilitate" return.
Noem v. Abrego Garcia, 24A949 (Apr 10 2025)
SCOTUS · unanimous
Trump v. J.G.G.
Unanimous on the due-process and notice requirement before AEA removal.
Trump v. J.G.G., 604 U.S. ___ (Apr 7 2025)
5th Cir. · majority
A.A.R.P. v. Trump
Alien Enemies Act invocation ruled unlawful on the merits.
A.A.R.P. v. Trump, 5th Cir. (Sep 2 2025)
N.D. Ill. · majority
Castañon Nava v. DHS
ICE violated the consent decree in 22 of 26 documented cases.
Castañon Nava v. DHS, N.D. Ill. 1:18-cv-03757
13 / 15

Arrested for an op-ed.

The sole basis for a Tufts PhD student's visa revocation, per internal State Department records unsealed January 22 2026, was a March 2024 op-ed she co-authored in the Tufts Daily.

Öztürk transfer — Mar 25 2025, under 24 hours
Rümeysa Öztürk
Tufts (Fulbright PhD student) · F-1 visa
Seized by 6 masked agents in Somerville, MA on Mar 25 2025; moved through NH, VT, Atlanta, Louisiana in <24hrs.
Mahmoud Khalil
Columbia · Lawful Permanent Resident
Seized Mar 8 2025; released on bail after 104 days.
Mohsen Mahdawi
Columbia · Lawful Permanent Resident
Ambushed at naturalization interview Apr 14 2025; Judge Crawford compared the detentions to the 1919–1920 Palmer Raids.
Badar Khan Suri
Georgetown postdoc · J-1 visa
Arrested Mar 17 2025; released without bond May 14 2025.
14 / 15

12,000 new officers. 41% less training.

Minimum age eighteen. Basic academy 47 days. Spanish instruction dropped August 2025.

HEADCOUNT
(DHS announced)
10,000
Sep 2025
22,000
Jan 3 2026
TRAINING HOURS
(Schwank testimony)
584
hours (original)
344
hours (240 cut · 41%)
modules eliminated
ConstitutionUse of forceFirearms safetyLawful arrestsDue process
Minimum age dropped to 18. Former FLETC instructor Ryan Schwank testified to a House Democratic forum that ICE cut 240 of 584 academy hours — roughly 41%. The Atlantic reported the basic academy was trimmed to 47 days.
15 / 15

The data goes dark.

The more it grows, the less you get to see. Unreleased annual reports. Withheld detention spreadsheets. Shrunken death notices. Redacted use-of-force policy.

Months a published ICE dataset has gone dark
J25
F25
M25
A25
M25
J25
J25
A25
S25
O25
N25
D25
J26
F26
M26
A26
M26
J26
J26
A26
S26
O26
N26
D26
Suppression events include: transgender-detainee biweekly data (last published Jan 17 2025); biweekly detention spreadsheets withheld 7+ weeks during the Oct–Nov 2025 shutdown; FY2025 Annual Report statutorily due but unpublished; Directive 19009.3 (firearms / use of force) redacted on ice.gov in January 2026.
2025-01-17
Transgender-detainee biweekly data
last publication (Vera Institute records)
2025-10-01
Biweekly detention spreadsheets
7+ weeks withheld during shutdown (Ossoff/Warnock)
2025-12-31
FY2025 Annual Report
statutorily due, unreleased on ice.gov
2026-01-15
Directive 19009.3 (firearms / use of force)
redacted on ice.gov under (b)(7)(E)
2026-04-13
Death-notice compliance
only 15 of 49 deaths received the 48-hour notice
Pending — what the next 90 days will settle
  • H.R. 7123 — Abolish ICE ActIntroduced Jan 15, 2026 by Rep. Thanedar; in committee. (Introduced 2026-01-15)
  • FY2025 ICE Annual ReportStatutorily due; unpublished as of April 2026. (Due; unreleased)
  • Directive 19009.3 (firearms / use of force)Redacted on ice.gov; FOIA appeal pending. (FOIA appeal pending)
  • 48-hour death notices34 of 49 deaths lack a timely interim notice. (As of April 13 2026)
  • Camp East Montana homicideFBI investigation open into the Lunas Campos custody death. No charges. (FBI investigation open)
Of 49 deaths in ICE custody since January 2025, only 15 received the statutory 48-hour interim notice — 34 did not.